Centrifugal Oil Separators For Power Plant

What is the basic principle of centrifugation?

Centrifugal separation and purification of oil is based on the principle that oil, water and solid impurities have different densities. Under the action of centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, their moving speeds and distances are different to separate oil from water and impurities. When rotating at a high speed, the magnitude of the centrifugal force generated can be calculated by the following formula

P=G × r ×n² / 900

In the formula, P — centrifugal force, N;

G — the mass of the rotating object, kg;

r — radius of rotation, m;

n - speed, r/min;

What is the working principle of centrifugal oil separator?

The centrifugal oil filter mainly works by the high-speed rotating drum. It is some metal sheets of the bowl, stacked up and down, with a thin layer of gaps in the middle, and the metal sheets are installed on a main shaft. During operation, the motor drives the main shaft, and the main shaft rotates at high speed (up to 6000-10000 revolutions per minute), generating centrifugal force to separate oil, water and impurities.

When working normally, the dirty oil enters from the top oil pan of the centrifugal oil filter and flows down to around the shaft center. Due to the high-speed rotation of the shaft, centrifugal force is generated, and the water, impurities and oil mixed in the oil fly out, because their The specific gravity is different, the centrifugal force produced is different, and thus separated, the oil rises into the gap of the bowl-shaped metal sheet and gradually moves upward through each sheet. If there are still very few impurities in the oil at this time, it can also be affected by the centrifugal force. The inner wall of the bowl is impacted and separated. After the water and impurities are separated from the oil, they are discharged from different ports. The oil passes through the annular oil passage, the water passes through the annular water passage, and the impurities enter the sewage container, which is regularly removed, so as to achieve the purpose of purification.

What factors affect centrifugation?

It is known from the formula P=(G × r × n²)/900 that the magnitude of the centrifugal force is proportional to the square of the rotational speed, so the rotational speed has a great influence on the centrifugal force.

At 0.1m, if only the speed is changed, the centrifugal force is 111N at 1000 rpm; 444N at 2000 rpm; 2778N at 5000 rpm; 15998N at 12000 rpm, what an impact! The separation speed of water, impurities and oil is directly proportional to the centrifugal force. It can be seen that high centrifugal force can separate water and impurities very quickly. In practical applications, the speed is generally 3000r/min. Of course, the centrifugal force is also proportional to the radius of rotation, and the impact is much smaller because it is not squared. In addition, the radius of rotation can only be increased within a certain range, otherwise it is unrealistic.

The effect of centrifugal separation is not only related to centrifugal force, but also related to the viscosity of oil. Under the same conditions, the smaller the viscosity of oil, the faster the separation speed of oil, water and impurities. In order to reduce the viscosity of oil, the oil can be heated to 60 ℃, and then centrifuged, the separation effect will be better. However, the oil temperature should not be too high, otherwise, due to vaporization, the solubility of water in the oil will increase (centrifugal separation cannot separate dissolved water), which will cause separation difficulties instead.

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